I. Introduction This article deals with the case law on State aid during the period from April 2005 until end of May 2006. In structure and content it follows the overviews published in EStAL 0/2002, 1/2002, 2/2003, 2/2004, and 2/2005. Important quotations from older case law are retained and, where necessary, updated, to ensure that the significance and scope of new case law is well illustrated in the context of the current legal situation as adjudge