I. Introduction Since the judgment of the European Court of Justice in the seminal Altmark case of 24 July 2003,1 the European Commission has adopted decisions on new aid to public service broadcasting (PSB) in ten cases. In addition, it has reached agreements with Member States in seven cases2 on appropriate measures for existing aid schemes under Article 19(1) in the Procedural Regulation3. In nine cases the decisions have been challenged befor