On 5 June 2012, the Court of Justice (“ECJ”) handed down its long-awaited judgment in the dispute between France and the European Commission (“Commission”) regarding alleged State aid in the form of a tax exemption granted in favour of its formerly wholly owned Electricité de France (“EDF”).1 By rejecting the Commission’s appeal against the judgment of the General Court (“GC”) of 15 December 2009,2 the Court draws to a close a case that has occupied