No Clarity Provided – European Courts Review the Concept of Indirect State Aid journal article Daniel von Brevern, René Grafunder European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 11 (2012), Issue 1, Page 201 - 207 I. Introduction On 28 July 2011, the Court of Justice (“ECJ”) rejected Mediaset’s appeal against the General Court’s (“GC”) judgment of 15 June 20101, in which the GC held that a subsidy paid by the Italian state to pay-TV subscribers for the purchase of digital terrestrial decoders constitutes State aid, which is inconsistent with European State aid law.2 As the subsidy was limited to terrestrial decoders, and did not include satellite decoders, it w
Judgment By Formula: Regulatory Form and the Differentiation of Fiscal Measures and Non-Fiscal Measures in EU State Aid Law Christopher McMahon