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Author: Marc Jegers

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Comparing China’s Fair Competition Review System to EU State Aid Control journal article

Shuping Lyu, Caroline Buts, Marc Jegers

European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 18 (2019), Issue 1, Page 37 - 60

The promulgation of the Opinions of the State Council on Establishing a Fair Competition Review System During the Development of Market-oriented Systems in 2016 marked the creation of China’s Fair Competition Review System. Interestingly, a remarkable resemblance is found with the EU’s State aid control. The competition authorities of both sides also stress the importance of cooperation in this area. In June 2017 they signed a Memorandum of Understanding creating a dialogue, linking State aid control and the Fair Competition Review System. By means of a comparative analysis and expert interviews, this article focuses on two questions: i) What are the similarities and differences between the EU’s State aid control and China’s Fair Competition Review System regarding objectives, basic provisions and procedures? and ii) What are the reasons for these commonalities and differences? Keywords: China’s Fair Competition Review System; Comparative analysis; International cooperation.

State Aid to Social Enterprises: the Polish Case journal article

Aleksandra Szymańska, Marc Jegers

European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 14 (2015), Issue 4, Page 479 - 491

Social enterprises build trust among themselves by using business ethics to guide them. The aim of reducing social inequality, through the inclusion of local businesses, not only brings the benefit of inclusion but also reduces the cost of social inequality. In a similar vein to the governments of other member states, the Polish government is attempting to create a single legal framework, whereby social enterprises are promoted. However, there is a lack of discussion with regard to drafting a framework on social enterprises. The authors recommend a bottom-up approach as regards the formulating of State aid policy at the national level. Financial cooperation between the State and local authorities would help to solve many urgent matters. This paper discusses the degree of importance of State aid for Polish social enterprises. There are differences in the extent of State aid granted to sectors of the economy, as well as differing legal requirements. It is posited that there is a discrepancy between those social enterprises which attract more and those which attract less State aid. Keywords: Social enterprises, Public sources, Income structure

State Aid Policy in the EU Member States journal article

Caroline Buts, Tony Joris, Marc Jegers

European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 12 (2013), Issue 2, Page 330 - 340

It’s a Different Game They Play

The European Union is almost the only international organisation with a system of State aid control. The main reasons for the existence of this system are ensuring a level playing field within the EU internal market, avoiding subsidy races between EU Member States and preserving economic and social welfare. Despite this EU system of control and a WTO agreement documenting a wider international consensus to limit State aid, large amou

Does State Aid Create Jobs? The Short and Mid-Term Employment Effects of Subsidies journal article

Caroline Buts, Marc Jegers

European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 12 (2013), Issue 4, Page 651 - 658

This article looks at the aggregate effect of subsidies to Belgian firms on their levels of employment. It appears that firms receiving high subsidies experience a significantly higher increase in employment (FTE) than firms not receiving subsidies. This effect becomes visible about two years after the subsidies have been granted. This result sheds a more positive light on the employment effects of State aid than most of the previous studies focusing solely on aid mea

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