State Aid for the Coal Sector – Inevitable or Dispensable? journal article Matthias Lang European State Aid Law Quarterly, Volume 11 (2012), Issue 1, Page 113 - 121 I. Introduction The European Union currently accounts for approximately 288 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) of coal production. The coal (lignite and hard coal) is used for electricity generation, heat generation, steel production and other industrial processes.1 One of the largest coal producers within the EU is Germany.2 As of 2010, the coal sector employed roughly 100.000 people in Europe,3 in Germany approximately 26.000 worked in the coa
Judgment By Formula: Regulatory Form and the Differentiation of Fiscal Measures and Non-Fiscal Measures in EU State Aid Law Christopher McMahon